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The Greek Verb: Croy Lesson 15 - Perfect and Pluperfect Tenses

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PRESENT SYSTEM
AORIST SYSTEM
PERFECT
New material in purple
(no distinction between middle and passive forms)
NOTE: the aorist has distinct middle and passive forms

PAST TENSE: The Pluperfect is the past tense form of the Perfect, it is rarely found in Biblical Greek and is largely omitted in Croy.

Imperfect Indicative (Past)

active - ἔλυον 10.65
Mid-Pass - ἠρχόμην 11.70

Aorist Indicative (Past)

Active (1) - ἔλυσα 13.85
Active (2) - ἔλαβον 13.86
Middle (1) - ἠρξάμην 14.92
Middle (2) - ἐγενόμην 14.93

Pluperfect Indicative (Past)

(Croy cites a few forms in 15.104)

NON-PAST TENSE: The Perfect is a "non-past" tense because it refers to past action ongoing in the present. This connection to the present is what makes the Perfect a "non-past" tense.

Present Indicative

Active - λύω 2.11
Mid-Pass - ἄρχομαι 9.55

Future Indicative

Active - λύσω 12.76
Middle - ἄρξομαι 12.77

Perfect Indicative

Active 15.100
Mid-Pass 15.101
       
INFINITIVE: Since the Perfect is a verb system like the Present and the Aorist, it also has Infinitives (no distinction between middle and passive forms).

Present Infinitive

Active - λύειν 2.12
Mid-Pass - ἄρχεσθαι 9.57

Aorist Infinitive

Active (1) - λῦσαι 13.87
Active (2) - λαβεῖν 14.94
Middle (1) - ἄρξασθαι 13.87
Middle (2) - γενέσθαι 14.94

Perfect Infinitive

Active 15.102
Mid-Pass 15.102

 


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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