Source: Historia de Sancto Francisco by Iacobus de Voragine (Ad Fontes Library).
Franciscus servus et amicus altissimi in civitate Assisii ortus et negotiator effectus |
ortus = natus ortus (est) et negotiator effectus (est) Assisi is a town in Umbria, Italy |
where was Francis born? what was his profession? | |
fere usque ad vicesimum aetatis
suae annum tempus suum vane vivendo consumpsit. |
aetatis, s.v. aetas vane = adverb |
how did Francis spend his youth? | |
Quem dominus infirmitatis flagello corripuit et in virum alterum subito transformavit, ita quod iam spiritu prophetico pollere coepit. |
quem = Franciscum infirmitatis, s.v. infirmitas (dominus) subito transformavit (Franciscum) in virum alterum pollere, s.v. polleo |
what led Francis to change his way of life? what kind of person did he become? | |
Nam cum quadam vice ipse cum plurimis a Perusinis captus diro fuisset carceri mancipatus, dolentibus aliis hic solus exsultat |
ipse (Franciscus) diro carceri: dative |
how did Francis react when he was captured by the men of Perugia and imprisoned? | |
et redargutus super hoc a concaptivis
respondit: "ideo me exultare noveritis, quia adhuc sanctus per totum saeculum adorabor." |
redargutus = re + argutus noveritis: perfect subjunctive for present (polite imperative) adorabor: 1st singular future passive |
how did Francis explain his behavior to his fellow captives? why is this an example of "spiritus propheticus"? | |
Quadam vice Romam causa devotionis proficiscens vestimenta sua deposuit et pauperis cuiusdam vestimenta induens ante ecclesiam sancti Petri inter pauperes sedit |
(ad) Romam proficiscens pauperis cuiusdam: genitive singular |
what did Francis do with his own clothes? what was he wearing when he arrived at St. Peter's Church in Rome? | |
et cum iis velut unus ex illis avide mendicavit et saepius simile fecisset, nisi notorum verecundia impedivisset. |
avide: adverb notorum: homines a quibus notus est |
what kept Francis from continually living the life of a beggar? | |
Quadam die dum audiret ea, quae dominus discipulis suis ad praedicandum missis locutus est, |
dum audiret ea (verba) quae (verba) dominus (Ihesus) locutus est discipulis suis (qui missi sunt) ad praedicandum |
the reference is to a passage in the Gospel: you can read Matthew 10 in English or Latin here -- the key passage would be: nolite possidere aurum neque argentum neque pecuniam in zonis vestris, non peram in via neque duas tunicas neque calciamenta neque virgam "Do not acquire gold, or silver, or copper for your money belts, or a bag for your journey, or even two coats, or sandals, or a staff" |
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statim ad universa servanda tota virtute consurgit, solvit calceamenta de pedibus, tunica una, sed vili induitur et pro corrigia mutavit funiculum. |
servanda: s.v. servo, -are calceamenta: neuter accusative plural corrigia: here meaning "belt" |
how did Francis dress when he went out to preach? | |
Multi nobiles et ignobiles, clerici et laici spreta saeculari pompa eius vestigiis adhaeserunt, |
spreta, s.v. sperno eius = Francisci |
what kind of people followed Francis? | |
quos pater sanctus docuit evangelicam perfectionem implere, paupertatem apprehendere et per viam sanctae simplicitatis incedere. |
pater sanctus = Franciscus quos = illos nobiles, ignobiles, clericos, etc. docuit: takes infinitives (implere ... apprehendere ... incedere) |
what did Francis teach his followers? | |
Scripsit praeterea evangelicam
regulam sibi et suis fratribus habitis et habendis, quam dominus papa Innocentius confirmavit. |
praeterea = praeter ea (beyond these things; moreover) you can read this regula online habitis et habendis: dative plural, with "sibi et fratribus suis" |
who approved the Rule of Francis and his monks? | |
Coepit extunc ferventius verbi Dei semina spargere et civitates et castella fervore mirabili circuire. |
ferventius: comparative fervore mirabili: ablative |
what did Francis do after his Rule was approved? | |
In visione servus Dei supra se Seraphim crucifixum adspexit, |
servus Dei = Franciscus Seraphim: the "im" ending is Hebrew; it agrees with the accusative participle crucifixum (object of adspexit) |
what did Francis see in his vision? | |
qui crucifixionis suae signa sic ei evidenter impressit, ut crucifixus videretur et ipse. |
qui = Seraphim crucifixus |
how was Francis marked? | |
Consignantur manus et pedes et latus crucis charactere, |
crucis charactere: ablative |
where was Francis marked? | |
sed diligenti studio ab omnium oculis ipsa stigmata abscondebat. |
stigmata, s.v. stigma (Franciscus) abscondebat stigmata |
did Francis show these signs to everybody? | |
Quidam tamen haec in vita viderunt, sed in morte plurimi conspexerunt. |
haec = haec stigmata in morte: quando Franciscus mortuus est |
did anybody see these signs when Francis was alive? | |
Quod autem haec stigmata per omnia vera exstiterint, multis miraculis ostensum est. |
quod: "the fact that" quod...ostensum est multis miraculis |
how was the existence of the stigmata manifest, even when Francis kept them hidden? | |
Beatus Franciscus columbina simplicitate plenus omnes creaturas ad creatoris hortatur amorem, |
columbina simplicitate: ablative |
what did Francis encourage the animals to do? | |
praedicat avibus, auditur ab iis, tanguntur ab ipso nec nisi licentiatae recedunt; |
avibus, s.v. avis (dative plural) (Franciscus) auditur ab iis (avibus) (aves) tanguntur ab ipso (Francisco) et non recedunt, nisi licentiatae (ab Francisco) |
how did the birds react when Francis preached to them? | |
hirundines, |
hirundines, s.v. hirundo eo (Francisco) praedicante: ablative absolute ipso imperante: ablative absolute protinus: adverb |
what did the swallows do when Francis preached to them? |