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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


28.206 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. ἐν τῇ ἑσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἀποδώσει ὁ κύριος πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις μεγάλοις καὶ μικροῖς κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.

The verb ἀποδώσει is future active, 3rd person singular. The subject κύριος follows its verb, ἀποδώσει.

2. ἦν δὲ ὁ υἵος ὁ πρεσβύτερος ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ· καὶ ὡς ἤγγισεν τῷ οἴκῳ ἤκουσε τῆς φωνῆς χαρᾶς μεγάλης.

The subject υἵος follows its verb, ἦν.

3. ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἔτει ἀδελφὸς παρέδωκεν ἀδελφὴν εἰς θάνατον καὶ θυγάτηρ παρέδωκεν πατέρα εἰς φυλακήν.

The verb παρέδωκεν is aorist past active, 3rd person singular. Note the demonstrative noun phrase ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἔτει.

4. οὐ πᾶς ὁ διδοὺς μεγάλα δῶρα τῷ ἱερῷ εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, ἀλλ' ὁ διδοὺς καὶ ἰδίαν καρδίαν καὶ ὑπάρχοντα τῷ θεῷ.

The participle διδοὺς is aorist active, masculine nominative singular. Note the καὶ... καὶ... (both... and...) construction. Notice how the second part of this sentence parallels the first part, so that if you were to spell it out completely it would say: ὁ διδοὺς καὶ ἰδίαν καρδίαν καὶ ὑπάρχοντα τῷ θεῷ [εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν].

5. οἱ δοῦλοι τοῦ ἀγροῦ εἶπον, Τοῦτο τὸ ἔτος ἐργαζώμεθα τὴν γῆν καὶ ὀψόμεθα ἐν τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ἔτει εἰ δίδωσι καρπόν.

The verb δίδωσι is the present active, 3rd person singular. Note the demonstrative noun phrase τοῦτο τὸ ἔτος (used in the accusative to indicate duration of time).

6. μετὰ δὲ πολὺν χρόνον αἱ πισταὶ ἀδελφαὶ συνήγαγον τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς ἐκκλησίας προσεύχεσθαι.

The postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used to indicate the beginning of a new sentence. The infinitive προσεύχεσθαι is used to express purpose.

7. ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκέλευσε τὸ σῶμα τοῦ προφήτου τοῦ σταυρωθέντος ἀποδοθῆναι εὐθὺς τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ.

The infinitive ἀποδοθῆναι is aorist passive and is introduced by the verb ἐκέλευσε (the accusative noun σῶμα is the subject of the infinitive). Notice the braided adjective-noun phrase: τοῦ προφήτου τοῦ σταυρωθέντος.

8. τὸ πνεῦμα ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι καὶ ἡμεῖς δίδομεν τὴν αὐτὴν ἐξουσίαν ἄλλοις.

The verb ἔδωκεν is aorist past active, 3rd person singular, and the verb δίδομεν is present active, first person plural. The predicate phrase τέκνα θεοῦ comes after its verb, the infinitive γενέσθαι (introduced by the word ἐξουσίαν, "the power to become"). The use of the nominative pronoun ἡμεῖς is emphatic, since the subject is already revealed by the verb (δίδομεν is first person plural). Note the "identical" use of αὐτὴν in the phrase τὴν αὐτὴν ἐξουσίαν (review Croy Lesson 8 if you are not sure about how this works).

9. ὁ θεὸς δέδωκεν ἁμαρτωλοῖς χρόνον ἵνα μετανοήσωσιν, ἀλλά τινες οὐ θέλουσι μετανοῆσαι ἐκ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

The verb δέδωκεν is perfect active, 3rd person singular. The word ἵνα introduces a purpose phrase using the subjunctive, μετανοήσωσιν. The verb θέλουσι takes a complementary infinitive, μετανοῆσαι.

10. ἐγένετο δὲ πολλὴ χαρὰ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ πόλει, οἱ γὰρ λύσαντες τὸν οἶκον τοῦ ἀρχιερέως παρεδόθησαν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις τοῦ λαοῦ.

The subject χαρὰ comes after its verb, ἐγένετο. The verb παρεδόθησαν is aorist past passive, 3rd person plural.

11. ἐκείνη ἡ γυνὴ οὕτως ἡγάπησεν τὸ ἔθνος αὐτῆς ὥστε ἔδωκε τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῆς ἵνα μὴ παραδῷ τοὺς ἱερεῖς τῷ κακῷ βασιλεῖ.

The verb ἔδωκε is aorist past active, 3rd person singular, and the verb παραδῷ is aorist subjunctive active, 3rd person singular. This subjunctive verb is used in a purpose clause introduced by ἵνα.

12. μὴ δῶτε μέγα βιβλίον τοῖς μὴ βουλομένοις ποιῆσαι πολὺ ἔργον, ἀποδώσουσιν γὰρ εὐθὺς τὸ βιβλίον βάλλοντες αὐτὸ ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν.

The verb δῶτε is aorist subjunctive active, 2nd person plural (being used here with the force of an imperative) and the verb ἀποδώσουσιν is future active, third person plural. The participle βουλομένοις takes a complementary infinitive, ποιῆσαι. Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position and coordinates the two statements.

13. θέλω ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ χρόνον τινὰ μεῖναι ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ὑμῶν· ὁ γὰρ κύριος ἀνέῳγε τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ μεγάλην θύραν.

The verb θέλω takes two complementary infinitives, ἐλθεῖν and μεῖναι. The expression χρόνον τινὰ is in the accusative case, indicating duration of time. Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position and coordinates the two statements.

14. πάντων οἱ ὄφθαλμοὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ ἐθεώρουν αὐτὸν καὶ πάντων τὰ ὧτα ἤκουον, καὶ πάντες οἱ πιστεύοντες ἔκραξαν λέγοντες, Πᾶν τὸ ῥῆμα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ἀληθές ἐστιν καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ὑπὸ θεοῦ.

The verb ἐδόθη is aorist past passive (with agent: ὑπὸ θεοῦ), 3rd person singular. Notice how the pronoun αὐτὸν (and later αὐτοῦ and αὐτῷ) do not have an antecedent in the sentence, so you just have to translate the pronoun as "him." The predicate adjective ἀληθές comes after its verb, ἐστιν.


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: November 27, 2005 3:29 PM


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