29.214 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. ὁ πονηρὸς βασιλεὺς εἶπεν ὅτι θέλει προσενεγκεῖν δῶρα τῷ παιδίῳ, ἐν δὲ τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἤθελεν ἀπολέσαι αὐτό.

The verb θέλει takes a complementary infinitive, προσενεγκεῖν, and the verb ἤθελεν takes a complementary infinitive, ἀπολέσαι.

2. ἡ γυνὴ οὐκ ἐβούλετο ἀφιέναι τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ, ἀλλὰ ὅτε εἶπεν ὁ δοῦλος ὅτι οἴσει αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν κώμην τότε εἶπεν, Ἀφήσω αὐτά.

The verb ἐβούλετο takes a complementary infinitive, ἀφιέναι. The verb οἴσει is future active, third person singular (from φέρω) and the verb ἀφήσω is future active, first person singular (from ἀφίημι). The nominative subject, δοῦλος, comes after its verb, εἶπεν. Notice the coordinated use of the temporal adverbs, ὅτε ("when") and τότε ("then").

3. οὐ δύνασθε προσθεῖναι ἓν ἔτος τῇ ζωῇ ὑμῶν· ὀφείλετε οὖν ζῆν τὰ ἔτη τὰ λοιπὰ ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἐλπίδι.

The verb δύνασθε takes a complementary infinitive, προσθεῖναι. The verb ὀφείλετε also takes a complementary infinitive, ζῆν.

4. ἡ μήτηρ οὐ δύναται εὑρεῖν τὸν τόπον ὅπου ἡ μικρὰ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς ἔθηκεν τὸ βιβλίον καὶ ἡ μικρὰ θυγάτηρ οὐ θέλει τὴν ὁδὸν δεικνύειν αὐτῇ.

The verb δύναται takes a complementary infinitive, εὑρεῖν, and the verb θέλει also takes a complementary infinitive, δεικνύειν (and ὁδὸν is the object of that infinitive). The verb ἔθηκεν is aorist past active, third person singular.

5. ὁ δίκαιος γραμματεὺς ἀπέθανεν ἀλλ' οὐδεὶς τῶν λοιπῶν γραμματέων ἐθεώρησε ποῦ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἐτέθη ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν.

The verb ἐτέθη is aorist past passive, third person singular (with the agent expressed in the prepositional phrase: πὸ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν). The word ποῦ introduces an indirect question.

6. οὐδεὶς ἠθέλησε τὰ λοιπὰ ἱμάτια· ἐπεθήκαμεν οὖν αὐτὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ λίθου ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ἵνα δοθῶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐν φυλακῇ.

The verb ἐπεθήκαμεν is aorist past active, 1st person plural. Notice how the postpositive particle οὖν comes in second position and is used to coordinate the two statements. The word ἵνα introduces a purpose clause, with the subjunctive verb δοθῶσιν (aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural, from δίδωμι).

7. θεράπευσας τὸν τυφλὸν εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ προφήτης, Εἰπὲ μηδενί, πορεύου δὲ καὶ σεαυτὸν δεῖξον τῷ ἱερεῖ.

Notice that the nominative subject, προφήτης, comes after its verb, εἶπεν. The verbs εἰπὲ, πορεύου and δεῖξον are all imperatives. The object, σεαυτὸν, comes before its verb, δεῖξον. The postpositive particle δὲ comes in second position and is used in conjunction with the following καὶ to create a list.

8. νῦν ἀφίενταί σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι, ἀλλ' ἐὰν λαλήσῃς κατὰ τῶν ἁγίων γραφῶν οὐκ ἀφεθήσεταί σοι.

The verb ἀφίενταί is present passive, 3rd person plural (from ἀφίημι), and the verb ἀφεθήσεταί is future passive, 3rd person singular (the subject of this verb is the implied sin, singular, of speaking against the holy writings). The word ἐὰν introduces a subjunctive conditional ("if"), λαλήσῃς.

9. ἐκήρυξεν ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐν δυνάμει καὶ πνεύματι ὥστε πολλαὶ ψυχαὶ ἐβαπτίσθησαν καὶ προσετέθησαν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ.

The nominative subject, ἀπόστολος, comes after its verb, ἐκήρυξεν. The verbs ἐβαπτίσθησαν and προσετέθησαν are aorist past passive, third person plural.

10. ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ κυρίου ἔδειξεν τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀπολεῖται ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ.

The verb ἀπολεῖται is a future tense form of ἀπόλλυμι (there are two possible future forms of this verb, as Croy explains in section 212; this is the "liquid" future, which looks like a contract verb - review Croy section 154 if you are not sure about this).

11. μηδεὶς θέτω τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου εἰς τὸ πῦρ μηδὲ εἰς τὸ ὕδωρ, ὁ γὰρ ἀπόλεσας τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἐλεηθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει.

The verb θέτω is an aorist imperative active, 3rd person singular ("let no on place..."). Notice how the postpositive particle γὰρ comes in second position and is used to coordinate the two statements. The verb ἐλεηθήσεται is a future passive, 3rd person singular, from the verb ἐλεέω (active meaning, "show mercy," and passive meaning, "be shown mercy").

12. καταβαίνων ἀπὸ τῆς μεγάλης πόλεως ὁ διδάσκαλος ἠρώτησεν, Τινές εἰσιν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ οἳ οὐκ ἔχουσιν τὸ πνεῦμα; ἐπιθήσω τὰς χεῖρας ἐπ' αὐτῶν.

The word τινές introduces a question ("who," plural). The word οἳ is a relative pronoun, masculine plural (antecedent τινές) and nominative case (subject of the verb ἔχουσιν in the relative clause). The verb ἐπιθήσω is future active, first person singular. Greek often omits the possessive adjective for body parts where we insist on using it in English, so τὰς χεῖρας can be translated as "my hands."

13. ἐθήκαμεν ἕνα λίθον μέγαν παρὰ τὴν συναγωγὴν καὶ ἐκεῖ συνερχόμεθα καὶ ἐσθίομεν.

The verb ἐθήκαμεν is aorist past active, first person plural.

14. Τὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί μου καὶ ἀδελφαί, χαίρετε ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ τίθετε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ἀκολουθεῖν αὐτῷ.

The phrase τὸ λοιπόν is used to mean "what's more" or "in addition." The words ἀδελφοί and ἀδελφαί are in the vocative (which is identical to the nominative form). The verbs χαίρετε and τίθετε are present active imperatives, 2nd person plural. The verbal phrase τίθετε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις takes a complementary infinitive, ἀκολουθεῖν.