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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


23.167 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.

1. ὁ διδάσκαλος τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἀπέλυσεν τοὺς ὄχλους ἵνα ἀπελθόντες εἰς τὰς κώμας ἀγοράσωσιν ἑαυτοῖς ἄρτον.

The verb ἀγοράσωσιν is in the subjunctive mood (aorist aspect), as explained by ἵνα, which expresses purpose ("so that they might..."). Even though ὄχλος is a singular noun, notice how it is treated as plural in the second part of the sentence: ἀπελθόντες...ἀγοράσωσιν. Note the use of the reflexive pronoun ἑαυτοῖς ("for themselves").

2. συναγάγωμεν τὸν λαὸν εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἵνα διὰ τῶν γραφῶν παρακληθῶμεν.

The verb συναγάγωμεν is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), being used to express a desire for the future (hortatory subjunctive: "let's .... !"). The verb παρακληθῶμεν is in the subjunctive mood (aorist aspect, passive voice), as explained by ἵνα, which expresses purpose ("so that we might...").

3. ὅπου ἂν εἰσέλθητε εἰς οἶκον, ἐὰν εὕρητε ἐκεῖ τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου, γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἡ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ μένει ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπῳ.

The verb εἰσέλθητε is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), with the particle ἂν (ὅπου ἂν means "wherever"). The verb εὕρητε is also in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), with the particle ἂν (ἐὰν is short for εἰ ἂν, "if"). Notice that γνώσεσθε is a future deponent (middle form, active meaning in English). Note the demonstrative phrase ἐκείνῳ τῷ τόπῳ.

4. μηκέτι οὖν ἀλλήλους κρίνωμεν, ὅτε γὰρ κρίνομεν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς καὶ τὰς ἀδελφὰς ἡμῶν, οὐ πληροῦμεν τὸ τοῦ πνεύματος θέλημα.

The verb κρίνωμεν is in the subjunctive, being used to express a desire for the future (hortatory subjunctive: "let's not .... !"). The accusative object ἀλλήλους comes before its verb, κρίνωμεν. Remember that the particle οὖν always goes in second position, as you can see here at the beginning of the sentence. The particle γὰρ is also postpositive, and goes in second position, joining the two statements together. The verb πληροῦμεν is a contract verb, as you can tell by the ending. Notice the noun phrase with the genitive between the article and the noun: τὸ τοῦ πνεύματος θέλημα.

5. πῶς ζήσοωμεν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τοῦτῳ ὅπως ὁ λαὸς ἴδῃ τὸ φῶς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου;

The word πῶς is a question word. The verb ζήσοωμεν is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), being used to express a question about the future (deliberative subjunctive: "how shall we... ?"). The verb ἴδῃ is in the subjunctive mood (aorist aspect), as explained by ὅπως, which expresses purpose ("so that the people might..."). Notice the demonstrative phrase τῷ κόσμῳ τοῦτῳ.

6. ἐὰν μὴ ἀσπάσωμαι αὐτὴν πρὸς τὴν θύραν μηδὲ προσενέγκω ὕδωρ πίνειν, ἡ μήτηρ τῆς γυναῖκός μου οὐ πάλιν ὑποστρέψει εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἡμῶν.

The pronoun αὐτὴν refers to the μήτηρ (specifically, μήτηρ τῆς γυναῖκός μου, "my wife's mother"). The verbs ἀσπάσωμαι and προσενέγκω are in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), with the particle ἂν (ἐὰν is short for εἰ ἂν, "if"). The infinitive πίνειν is being used to express purpose.

7. τὸν ἐρχόμενον πρὸς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ ἐκβάλω καὶ τὸν ζητοῦντα εἰρήνην οὐ μὴ ἀποστείλω εἰς τὴν ἔρημον.

Notice that the accusative object, ἐρχόμενον (present active particle used substantively) comes before its verb, ἐκβάλω, and the accusative object ζητοῦντα (present active participle of a contract verb, used substantively) comes before its verb, ἀποστείλω. The accusative object εἰρήνην is the object of the participle ζητοῦντα. The verbs ἐκβάλω and ἀποστείλω are in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), being used to express a desire for the future (emphatic negation: "may I never .... !").

8. ἐὰν μὴ ἁγιάσητε τὸν κύριον ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν, πῶς προκυνήσητε αὐτῷ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα;

The verb ἁγιάσητε is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), with the particle ἂν (ἐὰν is short for εἰ ἂν, "if"). The word πῶς is a question word. The verb προκυνήσητε is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), being used to express a question about the future (deliberative subjunctive: "how shall you... ?").

9. ὅταν προσεύχησθε οὐκ ἔσεσθε ὡς οἱ ἀγαπῶντες ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς προσεύχεσθαι, ὅπως οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἴδωσιν αὐτούς.

The verb προσεύχησθε is in the subjunctive, with the particle ἂν (ὅταν means "whenever"). The verb ἔσεσθε is the future form of the verb "to be." The participle ἀγαπῶντες is being used substantively ("those who love to...") and it takes a complementary infinitive, προσεύχεσθαι. The verb ἴδωσιν is in the subjunctive mood (aorist aspect), as explained by ὅπως, which expresses purpose ("so that they might...").

10. μηκέτι ἁμαρτάνωμεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀλλ' ἐργαζώμεθα τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἵνα ὦμεν τέκνα τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ θεοῦ.

The verbs ἁμαρτάνωμεν and ἐργαζώμεθα are in the subjunctive, being used to express a desire for the future (hortatory subjunctive: "let's .... !"). The verb ὦμεν is in the subjunctive mood (it is the subjunctive form of the verb "to be"), as explained by ἵνα, which expresses purpose ("so that we might..."). The noun τέκνα is the nominative predicate with a form of the verb "to be," ὦμεν.

11. οὐ μὴ πάλιν ἀγοράσωσιν ἄρτον ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ κώμῃ, πάντες οἱ γὰρ φαγόντες αὐτὸν οὐκέτι ζῶσιν.

The verb ἀγοράσωσιν is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), being used to express a desire for the future (emphatic negation: "let them never again.... !"). Note the demonstrative phrase ταύτῃ τῇ κώμῃ. The particle γὰρ goes in second position (see how πάντες οἱ is being treated like one word, meaning "everybody"), and is used to logically connect these two statements.

12. ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, αἱ γραφαὶ τῶν προφητῶν πληρωθήσονται.

The particle δὲ is a postpositive particle, so it goes in second position as you can see here at the beginning of the sentence. The subject υἱὸς comes after its verb, ἔλθῃ. The verb ἔλθῃ is in the subjunctive (aorist aspect), with the particle ἂν (ὅταν means "whenever"). Notice the use of the aorist passive stem plus sigma (θήσ) to create the future passive verb, πληρωθήσονται.

13. ὅτε ἤμην μεθ' ὑμῶν ἔλεγον, Μὴ φοβώμεθα ἁμαρτίαν μηδὲ θάνατον, οὐκέτι γάρ ἐσμεν δοῦλοι τῆς σαρκός.

The verb ἤμην is the imperfect past of the verb "to be." Both ἤμην and ἔλεγον are first person singular ("When I was with you, I said..."). The verb φοβώμεθα is in the subjunctive, being used to express a desire for the future (hortatory subjunctive: "let's not .... !"). The particle γάρ is postpositive and goes in second position, making a logical connection between the two statements. The noun δοῦλοι is the nominative predicate with a form of the verb "to be," ἐσμεν.

14. πίνωμεν οἶνον ἕως ἂν μὴ δυνώμεθα περιπατεῖν μηδὲ λαλεῖν;

The verb πίνωμεν is in the subjunctive, being used to express a question about the future (deliberative subjunctive: "shoud we...?"). The verb δυνώμεθα is in the subjunctive, with the particle ἂν (ἕως ἂν means "until"), and it takes the complementary infinitives, περιπατεῖν and λαλεῖν.


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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