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Croy Index: Vocabulary - Prosody - Verbs - Nouns - Adjectives - Nominals - Other Topics - Syntax List


18.128 Exercises

The following notes should help you in understanding the Practice Sentences provided by Croy. You might also find it very helpful to look at a Segmented Version of the sentences.


1. πιστὸς μαθητὴς ὢν οὐκ ἁμαρτάνω εἰς τὸν κύριον οὐδὲ διώκω τοὺς δικαίους.

The word ὢν is a present participle (it agrees with the subject of ἁμαρτάνω and διώκω). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? Notice the parallel construction οὐκ ... οὐδὲ ...

2. ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου γινώσκει τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ λογίζεται τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῖς.

The word καθήμενος is a present middle participle (it is the subject of γινώσκει and λογίζεται). The participle καθήμενος is deponent (middle in form, active in meaning). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? Notice the use of λογίζεται (deponent: middle in form, active in meaning) to mean "he reckons" in the sense of accounting: "he reckons, accounts, credits" their sins to them, αὐτοῖς.

3. τότε οἱ ἀπόστολοι διήρχοντο διὰ τῆς γῆς κηρύσσοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τῷ λαῷ.

The word κηρύσσοντες is a present active participle, and εὐαγγελιζόμενοι is a present middle participle (they both agree with the subject of διήρχοντο). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of these participles? The participle εὐαγγελιζόμενοι is deponent (middle in form, active in meaning).

4. τὰ ὑπάρχοντά σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ ζωή σου, οὐ δεῖ οὖν ἔχειν οἴκους καλοὺς καὶ ἱμάτια καὶ δῶρα.

The word ὑπάρχοντά is a present active participle (in a subject-predicate construction with the nominative ζωή and the verb ἔστιν), and it has a special meaning: "possessions." Can you identify the gender, number, and case of the participle? Notice how οὖν is placed after the first phrase οὐ δεῖ (as a postpositive, it has to go in second position) and thus coordinates the two statements. The verb δεῖ takes a complementary infinitive, ἔχειν.

5. εἰ λέγομεν ὅτι οὐχ ἡμαρτήκαμεν, οὐ δυνησόμεθα ἐγγίσαι εἰς τὸν θρόνον τῆς ζωῆς, μὴ λέγοντες ῥήματα τῆς ἀληθείας.

The word λέγοντες is a present active participle (agreeing with the subject of δυνησόμεθα). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of the participle? The verb ἡμαρτήκαμεν is perfect active, first person plural. Note that δυνησόμεθα is a future deponent (middle form, active meaning) and it takes a complementary infinitive, ἐγγίσαι. The word μὴ is used to negate a participle, the way οὐ is used to negate a verb.

6. καθήμενοι ἐπὶ λίθῳ παρὰ τὸν οἶκον ὑμῶν, πολλάκις ἠνοίγετε τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ νόμου.

The word καθήμενοι is a present middle participle (agreeing with the subject of ἠνοίγετε). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of the participle? The participle καθήμενοι is deponent (middle in form, active in meaning). Notice that the verb ἠνοίγετε is imperfect past tense.

7. ὁ πιστεύων θεῷ καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην ἀχθήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.

The word πιστεύων is a present active participle, and ἐργαζόμενος is a present middle participle (they both serve as the subject of the verb ἀχθήσεται). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of these participles? The participle ἐργαζόμενος is deponent (middle in form; active in meaning), and here it takes a direct object, δικαιοσύνην. The verb ἀχθήσεται is a future passive.

8. ἀποθνῄσκουσα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ἡ γυνὴ ἔκραξε τῷ θεῷ τῷ βλέποντι καὶ θεραπεύοντι τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ.

The word ἀποθνῄσκουσα is a present active participle (agreeing with γυνὴ, the subject of ἔκραξε). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The word βλέποντι is also a present active participle, and so is θεραπεύοντι (they both agree with θεῷ). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of these participles? Notice how the definite article τῷ is repeated to "braid" the noun θεῷ with the adjectives (participles) βλέποντι and θεραπεύοντι.

9. ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης οὐκ ἐγγίσει τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ ἔργα τοῦ νόμου ἀλλὰ τῷ πιστεύοντι εἰς τὸν θεὸν τὸν σῴζοντα ἁμαρτωλούς.

The word ἐργαζομένῳ is a present middle participle, and πιστεύοντι is a present active participle (they both serve as the indirect objects of ἐγγίσει). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of these participles? The participle ἐργαζομένῳ is deponent (middle in form; active in meaning), and here it takes a direct object, ἔργα. The word σῴζοντα is also a present active participle (agreeing with θεὸν). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The verb ἐγγίσει is future tense. Notice how the definite article τὸν is repeated to "braid" the noun θεὸν with the adjective (participle) σῴζοντα.

10. εἱ ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες βούλεσθε πέμψαι ἀγαθὰ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, ὁ θεὸς οὐ πέμψει ἀγαθὰ ὑμῖν;

The word ὄντες is a present participle (agreeing with ὑμεῖς, the subject of the verb βούλεσθε). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The verb βούλεσθε (deponent: middle in form; active in meaning) takes a complementary infinitive, πέμψαι. Note that the verb πέμψει is future tense.

11. οἱ βουλόμενοι εὑρίσκειν τὴν εἰρήνην ὀφείλουσι δέχεσθαι εἰς τοὺς οἴκους αὐτῶν τοὺς πορευομένους διὰ τῆς γῆς.

The word βουλόμενοι is a present middle participle (and it serves as the subject of the verb ὀφείλουσι). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The word πορευομένους is also a present middle participle (and it serves as the object of δέχεσθαι). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The participle βουλόμενοι takes a complementary infinitive, εὑρίσκειν, and the verb ὀφείλουσι also takes a complementary infinitive, δέχεσθαι (deponent: middle in form, active in meaning). The substantive participle πορευομένους is the object of δέχεσθαι. Both the participles βουλόμενοι and πορευομένους are deponent (middle in form; active in meaning).

12. πῶς ἀγαθόν ἐστιν ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς λόγους τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων προφητῶν.

The question word πῶς is used here to introduce a rhetorical question, which is why there is no question mark at the end of the sentence. The word εὐαγγελιζομένων is a present middle participle (it agrees with προφητῶν). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The participle εὐαγγελιζομένων is deponent (middle in form; active in meaning). The word ἀγαθόν is a predicate, with ἀκοῦσαι serving as the subject of ἐστιν (an infinitive is regarded as a neuter noun, so ἀγαθόν is neuter nominative singular, agreeing with ἀκοῦσαι).

13. ὑπάρχοντες ἄνθρωποι τοῦ πνεύματος ἐλογιζόμεθα ὅτι καὶ ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγείρειν δύναται ὁ θεὸς ἡμᾶς.

The word ὑπάρχοντες is a present active participle (it agrees with ἄνθρωποι and basically means the same as ὄντες). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The genitive phrase τοῦ πνεύματος is being used as we would use an adjective in English: "of the spirit" = "spiritual." The verb δύναται takes a complementary infinitive, ἐγείρειν. Notice the adverbial use of καὶ ("even"). Notice that ἐλογιζόμεθα is an imperfect past tense verb, and it is deponent (middle form, active meaning). The subject θεὸς comes after its verb, δύναται.

14. ἄγγελοι ἤνεγκαν ἄρτον πρὸς τὰς διωκομένας ἀδελφὰς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξουσιῶν.

The word διωκομένας is a present passive participle (it agrees with ἀδελφὰς). Can you identify the gender, number, and case of this participle? The preposition ὑπὸ is used to express the agent of the passive participle.


Biblical Greek Online. Laura Gibbs, Ph.D. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. You must give the original author credit. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under a license identical to this one. Page last updated: April 9, 2005 8:06 PM


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