Exodus. Ranae.
Brief Comments on the Latin:
[Note: You will find other helpful information by looking at the segmented text, which shows clearly how the sentences and clauses are organized. You can also choose to have the verbs and/or bold speech highlighted, which often makes the Latin easier to understand.]
8:1 The name Moses has a Greek accusative ending here: Mosen. [Note about Greek forms in the Vulgate.] The word Pharao is in the accusative here.
8:5 The Hebrew name Aaron does not decline; here it is in the dative (dic Aaron).
8:8 The Hebrew name Aaron does not decline; here it is in the accusative, as is Mosen.
8:9 The subjunctive deprecer is in indirect question , introduced by quando. The word tantum means "only" here.
8:10 The verb inquit is being used postpositively here to indicate direct speech. Latin often uses a relative pronoun, qui, to join together what would be two separate sentences in English: "(and) he answered..." The use of quoniam to introduce indirect statement is non-classical.
8:13 The form Mosi is genitive (the name Moses uses non-Latin endings, based on the Greek declension of the name). [Note about Greek forms in the Vulgate.]
8:15 The use of quod to introduce indirect statement is non-classical. The participle-verb combination, videns ... ingravavit can be translated as verb-verb: "he saw... (and) hardened his heart..."
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