Genesis. Hagar et Puteus Aquae.

Brief Comments on the Latin:

[Note: You will find other helpful information by looking at the segmented text, which shows clearly how the sentences and clauses are organized. You can also choose to have the verbs and/or bold speech highlighted, which often makes the Latin easier to understand.]

21:9. The name Agar does not decline; here it is in the genitive, agreeing with Aegyptiae (filium Agar, "son of Hagar"). Note that while the mother is named, the name of her son - Ismahel (Ishmael) - does not appear in this narrative.

21:10. The name Isaac does not decline; here it is in the ablative, in apposition to filio.

21:12. The subject of videatur is an implied "this" (see the hoc in the preceding verse). The omnia is grammatically awkward here; you can take it in apposition to vocem ("heed everything she said; heed her voice"). The name Isaac does not decline; here it is in the ablative (with in).

21:13. Note the use of et here (et filium faciam, "I will likewise make the son..."

21:14. The participle-verb combination, tollens...inposuit, can be translated as verb-verb: "he took... [and] placed..." The pronoun eius refers to Hagar. Latin often uses a relative pronoun, quae, to join together what would be two separate sentences in English: "[and] when she had gone away..." The place name Bersabee does not decline.

21:17. The name Agar does not decline. Here it appears in the accusative (vocavit Agar) and in the vocative (quid agis Agar). The sentence quid agis is a question, introduced by the interrogative quid.

21:19. The pronoun eius refers to Hagar. Latin often uses a relative pronoun, quae, to join together what would be two separate sentences in English: "[and] she..." The participle-verb combination, videns...abiit, can be translated as verb-verb: "she saw ... [and] went..."

21:20. Latin often uses a relative pronoun, qui, to join together what would be two separate sentences in English: "[and] he grew..."

21:21. The place name Pharan does not decline.

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